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by Giovanni Meza Dorta (Author)
La bibliograf a acerca de Miranda y Bol var es sumamente extensa. Basta con revisar un cat logo de cualquier biblioteca p blica para reconocerlo. Sin embargo, no existen publicaciones referidas al an lisis comparativo de las ideas pol ticas de estos dos pr ceres. Este libro de Giovanni Meza Dorta pretende llenar ese vac o. Adicionalmente, se precisan detalles acerca de la capitulaci n de 1812 y la consecuente prisi n del General simo el 31 de julio de ese a o. Se presentan documentos pocos conocidos y otros in ditos, que aclaran esa prisi n, realizada por sus compa eros de armas (incluido Bol var) y su entrega a las autoridades espa olas. El enfoque principal del texto, se ubica desde el comienzo de la rep blica. Es a partir de all que comienzan las discrepancias sobre el modelo a adoptar: central o federal, uno y otro apoyado con diversidad de argumentos. El an lisis de las ideas entre patriotas a partir de 1810 no es arbitrario, por el contrario, debemos recordar que a partir de all es cuando se inicia la sustituci n de las instituciones coloniales por otras, llamadas republicanas, por consiguiente, es pertinente que sea desde ese momento cuando se revise el pensamiento patriota y sus referentes te ricos. La omisi n en el an lisis de estas ideas, ha contribuido a la incomprensi n socio-pol tica de las nuevas naciones. Muchos de los nuevos conceptos y otros que tienen antecedentes coloniales, como el caudillismo, se refuerzan desde y despu s del proceso independentista. Desde otro ngulo, no se puede entender suficientemente la extensa actividad personalista y militarista en Latinoam rica, si no se conocen las primeras ideas que sustituyen a las nacientes instituciones democr ticas por los liderazgos monocr ticos. La falta de instituciones estables y democr ticas fue lo que produjo la constante de anarqu a y desorden que tanto preocup a Bol var. Para acabar con esa inestabilidad El Libertador propuso un jefe, un caudillo o un presidente vitalicio (las consecuencias eran las mismas), produciendo as un c rculo vicioso: anarqu a-desorden-caudillo-anarqu a...hasta el infinito, sin percatarse que el factor de inestabilidad era el propio caudillo o jefe. Por otro lado, la propuesta federal fue concebida en muchos casos como una separaci n topogr fica de los espacios tomados por las victorias militares de los patriotas. Se consolidaba as , las ambiciones separatistas de caudillos que concibieron sus triunfos como propiedad mercenaria indelegable. Distorsionada as la propuesta federal de la primera rep blica, el camino de la fragilidad institucional se hizo camino. El militarismo, personalismo y afines se convirtieron en el modelo, con lo cual las ideas democr ticas de la primera poca fueron postergadas indefinidamente. La guerra se sobrepuso a la pol tica.
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