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by María Luisa Femenías (Author)
Las mujeres desafiaron la condici n de "inferiores", "incapaces" o "dependientes" a que las destinaba su esencia femenina. Eligieron la literatura, la ciencia y la filosof a para expresarse. Incluso, en los per odos m s adversos por la censura p blica, algunas de ellas teorizaron en diarios ntimos o ep stolas. Muchas veces se les prohibi el uso de la palabra y de la pluma, o simplemente fueron asesinadas por proseguir sus investigaciones. Durante largos per odos, no les fue permitido firmar con nombre propio sus textos, para no deshonrar a sus familias, figurando su obra como de "autor an nimo". Superada la etapa de anonimato forzado, la mayor a firmaba con su inicial y su apellido paterno o marital, o un seud nimo masculino, desdibuj ndose as su autor a. Lo cierto es que la mayor a de las fil sofas tuvo que esperar hasta el siglo XX para que sus obras fueran rescatadas del anonimato. Las mujeres llevaron a cabo un debate interesante respecto de la no-sexuaci n del alma. Desde la Antig edad, la mayor a de los fil sofos varones sostuvo una concepci n dualista del ser humano, es decir, en t rminos de cuerpo y alma unidos pero separados o separables. Ellos sostuvieron que la carne o cuerpo material limitaba al alma o la raz n. Y como los cuerpos de las mujeres sufren procesos que no controlan -menstruaci n, embarazo, lactancia-no alcanzan la perfecci n, son materia imperfecta, haci ndolas esto m s d biles, fofas y fr giles. Sin embargo, ellas siempre entendieron al "alma" o "raz n" como a-sexuada y al "cuerpo" como portador de las marcas del sexo, de la raza u otras. Es decir, que un mismo argumento les vali para desmontar la jerarquizaci n de los sexos y de las razas impuesto al pensamiento a lo largo de los siglos. Por esto, para conocer las ideas, la obra y los aportes de estas mujeres, Ellas lo pensaron antes. Fil sofas excluidas de la memoria re ne una selecci n de veintid s fil sofas que desde la Antig edad hasta nuestros d as han contribuido y contribuyen a la construcci n del pensamiento y el desarrollo de la sociedad.
Ellas lo pensaron antes aims to shed a light on the lives of extraordinary women who defied conventional female roles by devoting themselves to literature, science, and philosophy. In these pages, readers will become acquainted with the ideas, works, and contributions of twenty-two female philosophers from Antiquity until the present time who have been--and still are--instrumental to the evolution of ideas and the development of our societies.
Author Biography
María Luisa Femenías holds a PhD in philosophy from the Complutense University of Madrid. She is consulting professor at the National University of La Plata, Argentina. Sobre sujeto y género: (Re)lecturas feministas de Beauvoir a Butler, El género del multiculturalismo y Los ríos subterráneos are some of her most prominent books.
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