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by Rafael Arraiz Lucca (Author)
El petr leo en Venezuela.Una historia global constituye la primera historia panor mica del petr leo en Venezuela y busca ofrecer una visi n de conjunto sobre este tema, tan preterido en su estudio como determinante para nuestro pa s, por tratarse del producto que desde hace ya m s de un siglo proporciona al fisco nacional el porcentaje m s alto de sus ingresos en divisas y por tratarse, en consecuencia, de la principal fuente de riqueza del Estado. Si bien es cierto que a partir de 1914, con el pozo Zumaque I, el petr leo comenz a percibirse como una fuente de ingresos para el pa s, fue con Los Barrosos 2 cuando se confirm la presencia de grandes yacimientos en la cuenca de Maracaibo. Ya para 1928 la exportaci n de petr leo superaba la de caf , de modo que Venezuela dejaba atr s su vocaci n agr cola y el crudo se adue aba de su futuro. Ese hecho ha tenido consecuencias econ micas, pol ticas y culturales de primer orden, pues aquella monta a de ingresos que comenz a percibir el Estado fue perfilando una manera de ser y una conducta: la de un Estado que percibe una renta como quien vive sin trabajar y la de una poblaci n que percibe al Estado como deudor y a la sociedad como acreedora de la renta petrolera. En este sentido, una conclusi n -entre las muchas que deriva el autor de este estudio y que la actualidad corrobora- sostiene que nada bueno se extrae de percepciones que apuntan a que la riqueza no es fruto del trabajo, sino de una afortunada circunstancia geol gica.
Author Biography
(Venezuela, 1959). Profesor principal de carrera de la Universidad del Rosario y profesor titular de la Universidad Metropolitana (Caracas). Individuo de número de la Academia Venezolana de la Lengua. Abogado, magíster en Historia de Venezuela y Doctor en Historia. Se ha desempeñado como subdirector de la Galería de Arte Nacional, presidente de Monte Ávila Editores Latinoamericana, director general del Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y presidente de la Fundación para la Cultura Urbana. Ha sido Visiting Fellow en Ia Universidad de Warwick y titular de la Cátedra Andrés Bello del Saint Antony's College de la Universidad de Oxford.
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